Optimising aircraft taxi speed: Design and evaluation of new means to present information on a head-up display

Abstract The objective of this study was to design and evaluate new means complying time constraints by presenting aircraft target taxi speeds on a head-up display (HUD). Four different HUD presentations were iteratively developed from paper sketches into digital prototypes. Each presentation reflected levels information presentation. A subsequent evaluation included 32 pilots, with varying flight experience, in usability tests. participants subjectively assessed which most useful comply constraints. assessment based six themes including information, workload, situational awareness, stress, support usability. consisted computer-simulated taxi-runs, self-assessments statistical analysis. Information provided graphical vertical tape descriptive/predictive presentation, alpha-numerical redundancy, rated useful. Differences between novice expert pilots can be resolved incorporating combinations graphics alpha-numeric presentations. findings applied for further studies combining navigational time-keeping during taxi.